Abstract: Objective:To investigate the relationship between the interaction of past erythrocyte-platelet transfusion history and ineffective blood transfusion in patients with hematopathy.Method:Retrospective survey on 903 cases of patient with hematology who received blood transfusions in our hospital from August 2017 to December 2018.There were 513 males and 390 females.Multivariable logistic regression was used to analyze the factors associated with unsuccessful transfusion and the relationship between the interaction of past erythrocyte-platelet transfusion history and ineffective blood transfusion.Result:①Among the 903 cases,the probability of unsuccessful transfusion was 28.6%(258/903).②The results of multivariable logistic regression showed that previous RBC transfusion(11-20 bags)(OR=3.112,95%CI 1.715-5.649),more than 20 bags of previous RBC transfusion(OR=5.384,95%CI 3.011-9.627)were positively associated with unsuccessful transfusion.Interaction analysis showed that there were significant positive interaction between past red blood cell infusion(11-20 bags)and previous platelet infusion≥20 bags(OR=4.790,95%CI 1.472-15.592),past red blood cell infusion≥20 bags and past platelet transfusion(1-10 bags)(OR=2.731,95%CI 1.202-6.207),past red blood cell infusion≥20 bags and past platelet transfusion(11-20 bags)(OR=2.459,95%CI 1.215-4.976),past red blood cell infusion≥20 bags and past platelet transfusion≥20 bags(OR=3.307,95%CI 1.944-5.625).Conclusion:There is a positive interaction between previous history of red blood cell transfusion and platelet transfusion.The interaction effect which would increase the risk of unsuccessful transfusion in patients with hematopathy should be concerned by clinicians.