Analysis of characteristics and peripheral blood before blood donation of elderly monoclonal platelet donors
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摘要: 目的 通过对近年来台州地区56~60岁单采血小板高龄献血者的特征及献血前外周血初筛情况进行分析，为保障高龄献血者的健康和血液质量安全提供参考。方法 收集2019年7月—2023年6月在台州市中心血站捐献单采血小板的献血者信息，比较56~60岁组和18~55岁组献血者的献血频率、初筛合格率、延迟献血率、捐献2个治疗量率、复检合格率以及外周血初筛情况等的差异。结果 2019年7月—2023年6月共4年间，台州地区56~60岁血小板献血者共计献血1 083人次，占比5.2%，且登记献血人次数有升高趋势，登记男女比有逐年下降趋势。56~60岁组的登记献血频率、登记男女比、初筛合格率以及成功献血率均显著高于18~55岁组(P < 0.05)，延迟献血率和捐献2个治疗量率显著低于18~55岁组(P < 0.05)，健康体检合格率以及血液复检合格率两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。相较于18~55岁组，56~60岁男性单采血小板献血人群的血红蛋白浓度(Hb)、血细胞比容(HCT)、血小板(PLT)和白细胞(WBC)以及女性的PLT和WBC均有一定程度的下降，女性的HCT较高。56~60岁单采血小板献血人群血液初筛总体不合格率较18~55岁组低(P < 0.05)，主要体现在Hb、HCT、PLT和WBC指标上。结论 台州地区56~60岁的高龄单采血小板献血者登记人次处于增长状态，具有献血频率高，献血延迟率低，外周血常规有一定程度的下降，但总体波动水平符合标准，血液安全性高的特点。Abstract: Objective To analyze the characteristics and the peripheral blood screening before blood donation aged 56-60 in Taizhou area in recent years and provide reference for the health and blood quality safety of elderly blood donors.Methods The information of blood donors who donated monopectic platelets in Taizhou Blood Center from July 2019 to June 2023 was collected, and the differences of blood donation frequency, initial screening qualification rate, delayed blood donation rate, two treatment dose donation rate, retest qualification rate and peripheral blood preliminary screening were compared between 56-60 and 18-55 years old.Results From July 2019 to June 2023, a total of 1 083 platelet donors aged 56-60 in Taizhou donated blood, accounting for 5.2%, and the number of registrations was increasing, while the ratio of men to women was decreasing year by year. The frequency of registered blood donation, the ratio of registered male to female, the rate of qualified initial screening and the ratio of blood donation in 56-60 years old were significantly higher than those in the 18-55 years old group(P < 0.05), the rate of delayed blood donation and donation of 2 treatment doses ratio were significantly lower than those in the 18-55 years old group(P < 0.05), and there was no significant difference in the rate of health examination pass and blood retest between the two groups(P>0.05). The hemoglobin concentration(Hb), hematocrit(HCT), platelets count(PLT) and white blood cells(WBC) of male blood donors aged 56-60 and the PLT and WBC of female blood donors all decreased compared with the group aged 18-55, and the HCT of female blood donors was higher. The overall unqualified rate of blood screening in 56-60 years old blood donors was lower(P < 0.05), which was mainly reflected in Hb, HCT, PLT and WBC indexes.Conclusion The registered number of 56-60 years old platelet donors in Taizhou was increasing, which had the characteristics of high blood donation frequency, low blood donation delay rate, a certain degree of decline in peripheral blood image, but the overall fluctuation level met the standard and high blood safety.
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Key words:
- apheresis platelets /
- elderly blood donors /
- routine blood test /
- blood test
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表 1 台州地区56~60岁单采血小板献血者基本情况
时间 登记人次 登记男女比 健康体检合格率/% 初筛合格率/% 延迟献血率/% 成功献血率/% 2019年7月1日— 2020年6月30日 197 8.0(175/22) 97.0(191/197) 95.8(183/191) 7.1(14/197) 91.4(180/197) 2020年7月1日— 2021年6月30日 309 8.7(277/32) 97.4(301/309) 96.3(290/301) 6.1(19/309) 93.9(290/309) 2021年7月1日— 2022年6月30日 332 5.5(281/51) 96.7(321/332) 96.0(308/321) 7.2(24/332) 92.5(307/332) 2022年7月1日— 2023年6月30日 355 4.6(292/63) 95.8(340/355) 90.0(306/340) 13.8(49/355) 86.2(306/355) 合计 1 193 6.1 (1 025/168) 96.6 (1 153/1 193) 94.3 (1 087/1 153) 8.9 (106/1 193) 90.8 (1 083/1 193) 
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表 2 台州地区56~60岁与18~55岁单采血小板献血人群各情况比较
指标 18~55岁组 56~60岁组 χ2 P 登记献血频率 8.2(23 009/2 816) 25.4(1 193/47) 63.300 < 0.001 登记男女比 4.1(18 499/4 510) 6.1(1 025/168) 22.155 < 0.001 健康体检合格率/% 96.4(22 178/23 009) 96.6(1 153/1 193) 0.219 0.640 初筛合格率/% 90.1(19 973/22 178) 94.3(1 087/1 153) 22.194 < 0.001 延迟献血率/% 14.1(3 236/23 009) 9.2(106/1 193) 25.559 < 0.001 成功献血率/% 86.7(19 771/23 009) 90.8(1 083/1 193) 22.403 < 0.001 献2个治疗量率/% 43.0(8 496/19 771) 34.3(371/1 083) 31.910 < 0.001 血液复检合格率/% 99.8(19 740/19 771) 99.9(1 082/1 083) 0.017 0.897
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表 3 台州地区不同年龄段单采血小板献血人群血液初筛结果比较
X±S 指标 18~55岁 56~60岁 t P 整体 18~29岁 30~39岁 40~49岁 50~55岁 Hb/(g/L) 男 150.305± 9.712 154.069± 9.042 151.516± 9.561 149.339± 8.994 147.317± 10.730 146.420± 9.948 11.975 < 0.001 女 130.509± 9.065 130.768± 8.410 129.270± 9.455 130.013± 9.106 133.408± 8.232 130.853± 5.323 -0.783 0.434 HCT/% 男 44.482± 2.790 45.491± 2.573 44.807± 2.840 44.171± 2.583 43.799± 3.020 43.665± 2.907 8.622 < 0.001 女 39.304± 2.728 39.383± 2.349 38.935± 3.369 39.183± 2.492 40.101± 2.341 39.665± 1.609 -2.715 0.007 PLT/(×109/L) 男 234.147± 48.583 239.247± 48.108 238.043± 51.679 229.977± 44.478 233.725± 51.747 223.269± 34.123 9.511 < 0.001 女 253.385± 50.737 256.390± 50.651 248.795± 51.891 260.042± 50.076 240.731± 47.690 220.859± 33.501 11.888 < 0.001 WBC/(×109/L) 男 5.981± 1.444 6.033± 1.448 6.092± 1.443 5.945± 1.513 5.838± 1.254 5.509± 1.059 13.378 < 0.001 女 5.982± 1.454 6.067± 1.533 6.147± 1.588 6.062± 1.399 5.462± 1.185 5.679± 1.082 3.450 0.001
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表 4 台州地区不同年龄段献血人群血液初筛不合格情况分析
例(%) 指标 18~55岁 56~60岁(1 153例) χ2 P 整体(22 178例) 18~29岁(3 191例) 30~39岁(6 237例) 40~49岁(8 934例) 50~55岁(3 816例) 总体初筛不合格人数 2 205(9.9) 336(10.5) 737(11.8) 851(8.5) 281(7.4) 66(5.7) 22.194 < 0.001 传染病指标 648(2.9) 115(3.6) 225(3.6) 229(2.6) 79(2.1) 31(2.7) 0.219 0.640 脂浊 399(1.8) 37(1.2) 133(2.1) 167(1.9) 62(1.6) 23(2.0) 0.236 0.627 Hb 175(0.8) 15(0.5) 51(0.8) 83(0.9) 26(0.7) 0 9.167 0.002 HCT 328(1.5) 38(1.2) 109(1.7) 155(1.7) 26(0.7) 1(0.1) 15.280 < 0.001 PLT 202(0.9) 44(1.4) 74(1.2) 53(0.6) 31(0.8) 3(0.3) 5.327 0.021 WBC 546(2.5) 88(2.8) 188(3.0) 211(2.4) 59(1.5) 11(1.0) 10.693 0.001
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