Abstract: Objective: To reveal the relationship between procalcitonin (PCT) level and pathogens in agranulocytosis patients with fever after chemotherapy of blood disease.Method: A total of 242 agranulocytosis patients with fever after chemotherapy of blood disease were collected in our hospital during Jul 2010 to Sep 2012.Samples were divided into infectious fever group and FUO group according to characteristics of the etiology,imaging,and symptoms.And the infectious fever group included bacterial and non-bacterial infections subgroup.Then,compared the difference of PCT level among groups,and analyzed the effect of the PCT on blood culture result.Result: 9.3% samples in FUO group were PCT positive (≥ 0.5 ng/ml),while 69.2% samples in bacterial infections fever subgroup were PCT positive.34.5% samples in non-bacterial infections fever subgroup were PCT positive.For the blood culture results,PCT positive rate significantly increased (83.3%).And the sensitivity of PCT was 85.7% with negative predictive value of 95.7%.Conclusion: PCT could be used as a preliminary indicator of bacterial infections fever in the diagnosis of agranulocytosis with fever.And it also could be used to eliminate bacterial infections in blood,help to identify pathogens and infer the reasons of fever.Thus,this will be beneficial to guide the clinical medication treatments of agranulocytosis with fever after chemotherapy of blood disease.