Abstract: Objective:To assess the value of serum galactomannan(GM) detection for early diagnosis and therapeutic effect of invasive aspergillosis (IA) in patients with hematologic disease/cancer. Method:Four Hundred and two serum samples of 127 inpatients with high IA risk were selected according to the domestic diagnosis standard of invasive fungus infection in patients with hematologic disease/cancer. The serum GM concentration was detected by platelia Aspergillus double-sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(PADSELISA). According to the diagnostic criteria of invasive fungal infections in China,the changes of GM concentration before and after antifungal treatment and its value for diagnosis were evaluated by statistical analyse.Result:The sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the PADSELISA were 92.3%,82.4%,57.1%,and 97.7% respectively by using the serum GM cut-off value of single index≥0.7 and(or) 2 consecutive index≥0.5.Comparing with the provided reagent serum GM cut-off index≥1.5,it had an increased sensitivity without obviously decreasing specificity,which effectively distinguished the two IA levels between probable and possible patients. The probable IA cases were increased from 10 to 19 after adding the GM detection. GM test was positive (6.1±4.5) d(1-11 d)ahead of sputum culture,and (7.2±5.5) d(1-15 d) ahead of CT scan. A fluctuant reduction of GM level was found in patients sensitive to antifungal treatment,and an increased or constant GM level was seen in insensitive patients. The GM false positive rate could become obviously high in control group patients with intravenous injection of piperacillin-Tazobactam. The GM level of IA patients after using echinocandin increased in early stage and showed a decreased trend during the whole course. The concentration of GM had a relation with the prognosis of the disease.Conclusion:Serum GM antigen detection is an effective method for early diagnosis of IA. Comparing with other diagnostic accessory examination,such as typical CT imaging and direct microbiological test,GM test has an obvious advantage on the positive rate and time. Comparing with single value,single index≥0.7 and(or) 2 consecutive index≥0.5 can increase the sensitivity without obviously decreasing specificity. Among patients with high risk of hematologic disease/cancer,using GM test positive as a starting point to preemption of the anti-Aspergillus treatment can reduce mortality of IA patients. We can estimate the anti-fungal effect by dynamic detection of serum GM.